Libfocus is delighted to present the winning post for the CONUL Training and Development Library Assistant Blog Awards 2023. The author is Maeve Shanahan, Library Assistant at University of Limerick.
26 Sept 2023
11 Sept 2023
Open Access in Sweden - moving beyond transformative agreements
Post by Hardy Schwamm, Open Scholarship Librarian at the University of Galway and member of the libfocus team. This interview below was originally posted on the Hardiblog on 11 September 2023.
In this interview of the Open Voices series Hardy talks to Wilhelm Widmark, Library Director at Stockholm University Library, about the Open Access strategy of Swedish universities and research institutes who are organised in the Bibsam Consortium.
Hardy: Hello Wilhelm. Thanks for talking to me. To start our conversation can you introduce yourself, please?
Wilhelm: Sure, I'm Wilhelm Widmark and I'm working as the Library Director at Stockholm University and have done that for the last 12 years. I'm also the Senior Advisor to the President of Stockholm University in questions regarding Open Science. I work as the Vice Chair of the Swedish Bibsam Consortium where our University President, Astrid Söderbergh Widding, is the Chair and we work closely together in the Consortium. I'm also Director of EOSC, the European Open Science Cloud. In Sweden, we have the Rectors Conference of The Association of Swedish Higher Education Institutions which has different subgroups, and one of the groups is the Coordination Group of Open Science. We work together among universities on how we should pave the way forward for Open Science, and that is what the Coordination Group does.
Hardy: Can you summarise where you are with regards to Open Access in Sweden?
Wilhelm: We have a mandate from the Swedish Government that we should have reached 100% Open Access in 2021. It was in the latest Research Bill. But we didn't reach the target in 2021. Currently, we have around 80% Open Access to Swedish research articles. You mentioned the ESAC Registry of Transformative Agreements where Ireland is among the top 10. Sweden is sometimes on the top spot, sometimes it is Norway, sometimes Finland. [As of 1 September 2023, Finland is number one, Sweden number two, see below or check ESAC].
![]() |
| Screenshot from ESAC Market Watch |
For Swedish researchers Open Access is not a question anymore. For them it is obvious that all publications should be Open Access. They don't think that Open Access is anything strange or undesirable, it is part of their academic life.
Hardy: How does the Swedish approach differ from other countries in Europe?
Wilhelm: I think the most important thing we have done is to delegate the decisions to a higher level than library directors. At all annual meetings of the Rectors Conference, we have discussions about the different publisher agreements and strategies. The Steering Committee of the Bibsam Consortium is elected by the Rectors Conference. So, both rectors and library directors sit on the Steering Committee of the consortium. We discuss everything with the rectors. Open Access is not a library question, it is an issue that has a place in the income trays of the presidents of universities!
Hardy: What has your experience been with transformative agreements?
Wilhelm: Well, we have worked very hard to get a lot of transformative agreements. We have made a lot of mistakes on the way, and it has cost a lot to have them. But if you see the rates of how much Open Access we have now, that has been a success. How the transformative agreements are driving the transformation towards Open Access that is a bigger problem. Because I think today, many of the publishers want to stay within transformative agreements as the basis of their new business model and that won't work for us. So, we will keep on having both systems for a while, both open and closed, and I don't think that the transformative agreements will change that.
Hardy: What are your next steps forwards? You mentioned the subscription elements of these agreements. What is the Swedish approach to that?
Wilhelm: We started a strategy group in Sweden two years ago which is called Beyond Transformative agreements, where we had a lot of discussions during two years on what will happen in the future. What kind of strategy should the Consortium have to go beyond transformative agreements? The group was composed of university management, negotiators from the Bibsam Consortium, researchers from different disciplines and the funders as well. I think it is important that we have all stakeholders within the research system in this group. The strategy group has finished a report that will be published soon, both in Swedish and in English, because many colleagues in Sweden and internationally are interested in what we are doing.
This group made some suggestions on what we should do concerning the negotiations with the publishers. One of the main strategies is that during a certain period we should not pay for anything but publishing as a service. Right now we are trying this out in some negotiations: with Elsevier, Sage and ACS (American Chemical Society). We are testing our ideas on these three publishers.
Hardy: That also means if you don't agree a publish agreement you would “walk away”. Is that an option?
Wilhelm: That will always be an option if we don't reach our goals. We can walk away from the negotiations and leave the agreement. We have done that once before with Elsevier in 2018. The Bibsam Consortium was without an agreement with Elsevier for one and a half year, and that is definitely a possibility for the future as well.
Hardy: If you walk away from a Publish & Read agreement, you will not fall back to a read-only agreement? There is a consensus in the Bibsam Consortium that this is how you will act?
Wilhelm: You need to have a lot of communication before you walk away from an agreement. When we did that with Elsevier that was a decision by the Rectors Conference. All the universities were behind it. The decision did not come from the Consortium, it was made by the Directors Conference.
If you walk away, you really need to explain why you are doing it and then also have strategies in place at the affected universities of how to handle questions, and we have experience with such a situation. When we didn’t have access to Elsevier journals for one and a half year, most researchers understood why we did it, and they backed us up. All rectors stood behind it, and no university arranged any subscriptions with Elsevier during that period. You really need to do this strategic work before the negotiations, and you have to stand by your decision! After that, help your students and researchers in the best way you can do.
![]() |
| Wilhelm Widmark |
Hardy: You mentioned that a lot of senior academics were involved in your discussions. What about the grassroots of the academic community?
Wilhelm: We can't work with everybody, but we have to have communication aimed at everyone and explain what we are doing. I think many researchers see it as a shame that the profit margins of the big commercial publishers are so high. It is money that should stay within the research system and not go to for-profit publishers. But at the same time, they are forced to publish with them. It is really hard not to!
We had many researchers who when we cancelled the Elsevier agreement wrote to us and said that they accept this decision and stand by us. Regarding the Read-access libraries will manage to get access to publications in some way.
Hardy: You mentioned that you are doing these negotiations with these three publishers as a trial or pilot. How long is your pilot period?
Wilhelm: We are negotiating the new agreements during this year, and the pilot will start in 2024 if we reach agreements.
Hardy: What do you think other countries like Ireland can learn from what you've done so far?
Wilhelm: One important thing is to have all universities engaged. The university management must be involved in those discussions because it's a question about money, and it's a question about institutional strategy. We are also working with the big Swedish research funders on how we should finance the different agreements. We have discussions with all stakeholders, that is really important.
You shouldn't rely only on transformative agreements. You need to have discussions about other paths towards Open Access. How can researchers take back the control of the publishing system? We are talking about a national or European publishing platform like ORE (Open Research Europe). We need to have alternative publishing routes, for example we need to look at Diamond Open Access. You also need to look at the copyright issues and you need to have strategies for that as well. You can't work just with transformative agreements. You need to have different routes to make Open Access work.
Hardy: You are referring to the Rights Retention Strategy?
Wilhelm: Yes, definitely. No university in Sweden has implemented it yet, but we are talking about it. For instance, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) has introduced its Rights Retention Strategy last year, and we are looking at how that works. I don't know how it is like in Ireland, have you looked at Rights Retention Strategy?
Hardy: We are expecting a national project funded by the National Open Research Forum that will look at Rights Retention in the Irish context. We are also talking to colleagues in the UK who have implemented a Rights Retention Strategy in their institution [see for example this Open Voices interview with Emma Francis from Aberdeen University]. I think we have learned in the last few years that maybe we were too keen on transformative agreements as a single solution for Open Access?
Wilhelm: Yes, and that is also the advice from the transformative agreement group that you need to work on different routes to have a complete and diverse picture for the future. Also, we should not accept to pay for hybrid journals and subscriptions in the future. We really have to discuss with the publishers how that can work.
I think what others campus can learn from Sweden is that we have made a lot of mistakes initially with transformative agreements. Now we have got good transformative agreements in terms of Open Access coverage, but they are too expensive, and we don't want to keep on paying into that system. We would like to change the system, to drive the publishers to more Open Access beyond transformative agreements. Sweden is a small country, and we need more countries to tell publishers that they will not accept to pay both subscription and Open Access fees in the future. But we need to do it all together across the world!
Hardy: My final question: You said you have an Open Access rate of around 80% in Sweden at the moment, which is brilliant and a lot better than for example Ireland. Will you succeed to reach the final 20% with your current strategy?
Wilhelm: Initially, our Open Access rate might even drop because if we walk away from certain agreements that will have a negative impact on the rate. But that is important, as we can't accept that the old transformative agreements will be the ongoing business model. At the same time our goal is to reach 100% Open Access, but not at any price.
Hardy: Wilhelm, thanks a lot for our chat.
Wilhelm Widmark is the Library Director of Stockholm University since 2012. Since 2020 he is also Senior Adviser for Open Science to the President of Stockholm University. He has a Master of Arts in Literature and a Master of Arts in Library and information science from Uppsala University. Wilhelm is active in the Open Science movement in Sweden and Europe. He is the Vice-Chairman of the Swedish Bibsam consortium and a member of the Swedish Rectors Conference Open Science group. He is also a member of EUA’s Expert Group on Open Science and one of the Directors of EOSC Association.
The interview was conducted by Hardy Schwamm, Open Scholarship Librarian at the University of Galway.
10 Sept 2023
Libfocus Link-out for September 2023
Welcome to the September edition of the Libfocus link-out, an assemblage of library-related things we have found informative, educational, thought-provoking and insightful on the Web over the past while.
![]() |
| Images featured in this month's libfocus link-out articles |
Widow Printers of the 16th Century: Charlotte Guillard and Édmonde Toussain
This blog post by Madeline Birnbaum, Trinity College Library (Cambridge) Graduate Trainee 2022-3, about the lives of two widowed women who inherited their husbands' print workshops, delving into the often unseen work of women in printing and publishing at the time, and the ultimate intersection of Guillard and Toussain's lives.
Report from Equity in Open Access workshop #3: Making waves in APC & waiver practice
More and more evidence is emerging that Article Processing Charges (APCs) in Open Access publishing have unintended consequences, mainly putting up a barrier to publishing for authors in lower income regions. This OASPA workshop report by Malavika Legge discusses seven proposed principles of practice to increase equity in Open Access publishing.
This opinion piece from Andrew Barker and Elaine Sykes (Lancaster University) reflects on the role of libraries in changing the institutional research culture that puts openness and equity at its centre.
Open Access Author Contracts and Alignment with the Open Ethos: A Global Study
24 Aug 2023
11 tips on how to make strategic thinking a habit
![]() |
| Image by Arek Socha from Pixabay |
1. Time:
2. Alignment:
The things you’re doing today represent what you’re focusing on and what you’re focusing on cycles up to who you are as a person.
- To Focus list = a big picture reminder of why you’re doing the things you’re doing
- To Be list = a reminder of what you’re striving for in the world and who you want to be as a person
- To Do list = the things you’re doing today
3. Execution:
There are two things that get in the way of strategic thinking execution:
- Tip of the iceberg – things you can see, too many emails, too many meetings
- What’s underneath the iceberg - Busyness which has become a form of status and is often used for emotional avoidance. For instance, when we don’t know how to do a thing or when we are in emotional pain.
4. Decision diary:
- Clear – am I clear about what I should spend my time and energy on today?
- Align - is the thing I’m doing today aligning with the long term goals that me, my team and my university/institution/agency/company has identified?
- New information – have circumstances changed since I put the plan that I’m following into place – is there new information that needs to be considered?
6. Inspiration files:
7. Multiple strategies:
8. Goals:
9. Roadblocks:
10. Questions:
- Great I understand you want me to do x, y, z can you tell me more about the higher level objectives these tasks will help us achieve?
- Can you paint a picture for me of a year from now, where do you want to see our department and what does success look like?
- If we were able to win at one/two/three big things, what are the most important things for us to win at so that we can accomplish the goals that we want? Where’s the biggest leverage?
11. Shiny object syndrome:
References and further reading on Dorie’s Strategic Thinking content:
21 Aug 2023
Reflections from winners of LIR's 2022 Show and Tell competition
I was having lunch with the Systems Librarian at my library
when she told me about the LIR Show and Tell Competition. Having graduated from
UCD with my MLIS in 2020, she suggested I enter. While I completed numerous
projects throughout my MLIS, my work on the OER project stood out as an obvious
choice for me. I had undertaken this project as part of my Service Learning
module in college, and a year later, I returned to the same library to work
full-time. This provided me with an opportunity to discuss my project and share
insights into its benefits in transitioning from my MLIS into the field of
library work.
OER PechaKucha from Niamh O'Brien
As I created my presentation, I carefully sourced images and
designed my slides to adhere to creative commons licenses. Recording the
narration, however, made me realize that my initial script required extensive
revisions to fit the format better. While I am content with the presentation I
submitted, I acknowledge that there is room for improvement, particularly in
the flow between slides to avoid stiff and awkward pauses.
When I received the email informing me that I had won first
place in the competition, I was absolutely thrilled! I eagerly looked forward
to watching the other presentations that were uploaded to LIR's YouTube
channel. As someone who has attended both online and in-person conferences
before, I always enjoy watching presentations from other librarians who are new
to the field. The LIR Show and Tell Competition proved to be an excellent
platform for new librarians, and I'm excited to see the submissions for this
year's competition.
Reflecting on this experience, participating in and winning
the LIR Show and Tell Competition was a significant challenge that ultimately
bolstered my confidence as a presenter and strengthened my ability to concisely
deliver a compelling presentation on a broad subject. Additionally, it led me
to attend the LIR Seminar in DCU, where I had the chance to expand my network
and connect with other librarians while learning about web security.
Niamh O’Brien currently lives and works in Athlone, Ireland.
She is a library assistant and provides ICT support to run the Laptop on Loan
initiative at the Technological University of the Shannon.
LIR Show and Tell Competition Blog Post by Stewart Killeen
Librarianship, and academic librarianship in particular, is
in a constant state of flux, brought on by the rapid pace of change in digital
technologies. Today’s professional librarian needs to be both proactive and
dynamic to respond to and reap the full benefits of these changes.
When in September 2022 I saw the advertisement for the LIR Show and Tell Competition
(https://lirgroup.heanet.ie/index.php/lir-show-and-tell-competition/), I knew
that this was an excellent opportunity to put my presentation and digital
skills to the test. Not only that, but I would also have the chance to showcase
my research into digital preservation and Irish institutional repositories to
the wider library community.
After familiarizing myself with the requirements and instructions for entry to the competition, I set about researching the presentation format.
I take great pleasure in the art of storytelling, and the presentation format relies on the power of pictures or images to tell one’s story. As they say, “a picture is worth a thousand words.” However, choosing the right pictures to narrate the story of my research required me to carefully consider several important factors:
- the aims, methodologies and rationale behind my research question
- the salient points to convey in the presentation
- the content and quality of the images chosen and
- The expectations of my audience.
It was also essential to ensure that I used images that had
an open license. Google images
provides a handy tool to search for images in the creative commons (https://creativecommons.org/)
using their advanced filter fields while there are many websites on the world
wide web that provide images with open licenses.
Once I had chosen the images, I then had to write corresponding text to bring out their full meaning. Before finally recording my presentation, I added alternative text to each of the images and turned on the text-to-speech feature in PowerPoint.
Institutional repositories and long-term digital preservationPechaKucha from Stewart Killeen
Recording the presentation was, I admit, the trickiest part of this journey. It demanded of me a little learning and sometimes a lot of frustration. However, with a little trial and error and several minutes of how-to videos on YouTube, my entry to the LIR Show and Tell competition was ready: Institutional repositories and long-term digital preservation (https://youtu.be/qt12lRFmuQ8).
Participating in the LIR Show and Tell Competition was both exciting and challenging, and it ignited many creative sparks. There are so many free resources available on the internet to choose from which will undoubtedly help you. Practice a few times before finally submitting your entry, but most important of all, have fun.
Stewart Killeen is a recent graduate of the MSc in Library and Information Management with Dublin Business School (DBS). He took up a position as a Library Assistant with Technological University (TU) Dublin during his studies and is currently the Senior Library Assistant on the Blanchardstown campus. He thoroughly enjoys working in an academic library, especially as it allows him to engage with a diversity of information needs.
The LIR HEAnet User Group for Libraries is running its very
successful Show & Tell competition once again.
This time we have opened the competition up to all early
career library staff with five years or less experience of working in library
environments on the island of Ireland, as well current LIS students and/or
recently qualified library professionals from LAI or CILIP accredited
institutions.
This competition provides you an opportunity to showcase
your work to the wider library community. We are interested in hearing about
any research or collaborative projects/ initiatives you have contributed to, or
are currently engaged in.
If you would like to improve both your
presentation and communication skills this competition is an ideal platform to
make an impact.
We would like you to record a PowerPoint presentation
(maximum of 5 minutes), following a template.
Prizes will be given to the top 3 submissions
(vouchers) and participants can win a LIR branded hoodie. A selection of videos
will be showcased on the LIR Group website.
For more information, visit LIR Show and Tell Competition
16 Aug 2023
Conul Conference 2023 Report: Brian Bredin
Post by Brian Bredin from the University of Galway Library who was awarded a bursary to attend the 2023 CONUL Conference. All the images featured in this blog post were captured by the author.
![]() |
| UCD Library Outreach: Signs of Sustainability conference poster |
![]() |
| Inter-library loans and sustainability: Not just good on paper Conference poster from Glucksman Library, University of Limerick |




.png)



